Main article: R package Violin plot created from the R visualization package ggplot2 R program to roll 30 dice 10,000 times and plot the frequency of averages: Let x ¯ ) over and over again generates a normal distribution. The mean of a numeric data set is the sum of the data points divided by the number of data points. The arithmetic mean ( average) is the most commonly used measure of central tendency. Examples Mean - a measure of center Ī numeric data set may have a central tendency - where some of the most typical data points reside. In April 2003, the R Foundation was founded as a non-profit organization to provide further support for the R Project. The R Core Team was formed in 1997 to further develop the language. As of December 2022, it has 103 mirrors and 18,976 contributed packages. CRAN originally had three mirrors and 12 contributed packages. Its name and scope mimic the Comprehensive TeX Archive Network and the Comprehensive Perl Archive Network. The Comprehensive R Archive Network (CRAN) was founded in 1997 by Kurt Hornik and Fritz Leisch to host R's source code, executable files, documentation, and user-created packages. On February 29, 2000, the first official 1.0 version was released. On December 5, 1997, R became a GNU project when version 0.60 was released. On April 1, 1997, the mailing list for the R Project began, preceding the release of version 0.50. In August 1993, Ihaka and Gentleman posted a binary of R on the data archive StatLib and announced the posting on the s-news mailing list. The name of the language, R, comes from being both an S language successor as well as the shared first letter of the authors, Ross and Robert. The language was also inspired by Scheme's lexical scoping, allowing for local variables. The language was inspired by the S programming language, with most S programs able to run unaltered in R. R was started by professors Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman as a programming language to teach introductory statistics at the University of Auckland.
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